Making EEG and HD-EMG easy.

Explaining the differences, advantages, and disadvantages of various EEG electrode types: Gel, Water, and Dry.

The integration of EEG and fNIRS combines the strengths of both techniques, capturing electrical activity and hemodynamic responses for a deeper understanding of brain function. This multimodal approach enhances research in areas like brain-computer interfaces, hyperscanning, and clinical studies, offering high temporal and spatial resolution in a non-invasive, portable setup.

Hyperscanning is an innovative technique that allows researchers to simultaneously record and analyze the brain activity of multiple individuals during social interactions. By utilizing methods such as EEG, fMRI, and fNIRS, hyperscanning provides insights into the neural mechanisms underlying cooperative and competitive behaviors. This approach enhances our understanding of how brains communicate during shared activities, offering valuable perspectives in fields like neuroscience, psychology, and social sciences.

In the field of electrophysiological measurements, we distinguish two types of measurement principles: the bipolar and the unipolar measurement principle. Here we will explain the difference between the principles as well as the different unipolar measurements that exist.

ERP is the neural response associated with a specific sensory, cognitive, or motor event (e.g. a stimulus). An ERP is often recorded using scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and looks at the average change in voltage over time starting at the onset of the stimulus over multiple trials. ERP measurements have a precise temporal resolution, which is useful in testing perception and attention.1 This information can be used to evaluate brain functioning by looking at how the brain normally processes information, as well as viewing how this processing may differ in neurological or psychiatric disorders.

This blog describes what the P300 is and how you can detect it. It includes a practical example of how a P300 response was measured using TMSi's SAGA, including the experimental protocol, a sample dataset, and all acquisition and processing codes. At the end of this blog, you will be able to download this sample data set and run through the scripts to view the P300 yourself.

Discover insights into the benefits of high-density electromyography (HD-EMG), its distinctions from bipolar EMG, and the methodologies employed for measurement.

A common problem in measurement setups where the subject is allowed to move around is the movement artifact. Movement artifacts on EEG measurements originate from two different phenomena: the movement of the cables and the movement of the electrode.

The 10-20 system is an internationally recognized method for standardizing the placement of EEG electrodes on the scalp. This system ensures consistent and replicable EEG recordings by using specific anatomical landmarks to determine electrode positions, facilitating accurate assessment of brain activity across various regions. Extensions of this system, such as the 10-10 and 10-5 systems, offer higher resolution measurements by incorporating additional electrodes between existing positions.

This blog post explores the different types of brain waves—alpha, beta, theta, and delta—and their unique frequencies, functions, and associations with relaxation, focus, creativity, and sleep.

Electrophysiological measurements often include interference from mains electricity, typically 220 V/50 Hz in Europe and 110 V/60 Hz in other regions. Even when using battery-powered amplifiers, mains interference can still affect recordings due to various pathways. Understanding these interference mechanisms is key to minimizing their impact.